Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Aquilaria malaccensis merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakterial. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakterial ekstrak n-heksana dan etanol daun A. malaccensis dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstraksi daun A. malaccensis menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat. Terhadap ekstrak dilakukan karakterisasi, uji fitokimia, analisis GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antibakterial menggunakan metode sumuran. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 5; 10; 15; 20; dan 30%. Simplisia daun A. malaccensis mengandung kadar air sebesar 6,5%, kadar sari larut air 13,13%, kadar sari larut etanol 10,83% dan kadar abu total 6,16%. Ekstrak n-heksana daun A. malaccensis mengandung kadar air sebesar 18,16%, kadar sari larut air 6,66%, kadar sari larut etanol 35,83% dan kadar abu total 0,66%. Ekstrak etanol daun A. malaccensis mengandung kadar air sebesar 13,5%, kadar sari larut air 58,33%, kadar sari larut etanol 75,83% dan kadar abu total 9%. Analisis uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia ekstrak etanol daun A. malaccensis mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, steroid dan triterpenoid. Ekstrak n-heksana daun A. malaccensis mengandung senyawa golongan steroid dan triterpenoid. Analisis GC-MS ekstrak n-heksana mengandung senyawa Squalene (14,75%), DOCASANE (8,85%), ICOSANE (7,01%) dan METHYL (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-TETRAMETHYL-2-HEXADECE-1-OL (4,23%). Analisis GC-MS ekstrak etanol mengandung senyawa Squalene (12,39%), Phytol (11,99%), Heneicosane (6,01%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (5,85%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester (5,57%), beta. –Sitosterol (5,43%), ICOSANE (4,57%), Vitamin E (4,22%) dan Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4,02%). Ekstrak n-heksana daun A. malaccensis tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakterial terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus. Ekstrak etanol daun A. malaccensis dengan konsentrasi 5; 10; 15; 20; dan 30% pada bakteri E. coli memiliki diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 6,09; 6,72; 7,78; 8,65; dan 9,63 mm sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus memiliki zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 10,37; 10,44; 11,63; 12,21; dan 13,34 mm.

Aquilaria malaccensis is one of the herbs that have antibacterial activity. This study has been conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of n-hexane and ethanol A. Malaccensis leaves extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The method that was used in this study was A. malaccensis leaves extraction using stage maceration. A. malaccensis leaves extracts were evaluated for characterization of extract, phytochemical test, GC-MS analysis, and antibacterial activity by well diffusion method. The concentration of the extract was 5; 10; 15; 20; and 30%. A. malaccensis leaves simplicial characterization contains water content value of 6,5%, water-soluble extract content of 13,13%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 10,83%, and total ash content of 6,16%. n-Hexane extract from A. malaccensis leaves contains a water content of 18,16%, water-soluble extract content of 6,66%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 35,83%, and total ash content of 0,66%. Ethanol extract from A. malaccensis leaves contains a water content value of 13,5%, water-soluble extract content of 58,33%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 75,83%, and total ash content of 9%. The phytochemical analysis showed that A. malaccensi leaves simplicial ethanol extract contained flavonoid, alkaloid compounds, saponins, tannins, steroids, tritepenoids and n-hexane contains steroids, triterpenoids. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract contains compounds Squalene (14,75%), DOCASANE (8,85%), ICOSANE (7,01%) and METHYL (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-TETRAMETHYL-2-HEXADECE-1-OL (4,23%). GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract contains Squalene (12,39%), Phytol (11,99%), Heneicosane (6,01%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (5,85%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-Ethylhexyl) ester (5,57%), beta. –Sitosterol (5,43%), ICOSANE (4,57%), Vitamin E (4,22%), Hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester (4,02%). The results of antibacterial activity showed that A. malaccensis leaves n-hexane extract exhibited no activity against E. coli and S. Aureus, but A. malaccensis leaves ethanol extract with a concentration of 5; 10; 15; 20 and 30% against E. coli shown inhibition zone by 6,09; 6,72; 7,78; 8,65; and 9,63 mm respectively while against S. aureus shown inhibition zone by 10,37; 10,44; 11,63; 12,21; and 13,34 mm respectively.